July 28, 2010

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The BVM consists of a flexible air chamber, about the size of a rugby ball, attached to a face mask via a shutter valve. When the air chamber or “bag” is squeezed, the device forces air through into the patient’s lungs; when the bag is released, it self-inflates, drawing in ambient air or a low pressure oxygen flow supplied from a regulated cylinder, while the patient’s lungs deflate to the air through the one way valve. ( Kelowna First Aid )

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Bag and valve combinations can also be attached to an alternate airway adjunct, such as an endotracheal tube or larengeal mask airway. Often a small HME filter (Heat & Moisture exchanger, or humidifying / bacterial filter) is used. ( Kelowna First Aid )

A bag valve mask can be used without being attached to an oxygen tank to provide air to the patient, often called “room air” in the U.S. Supplemental oxygen increases the partial pressure of oxygen inhaled, helping to increase perfusion in the patient.

Most devices also have a reservoir which can fill with oxygen while the patient is exhaling (a process which happens passively), in order to increase the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to the patient to nearly 100%.

Kelowna First Aid Courses – 250.878.6690

Bag valve masks come in different sizes to fit infants, children, and adults.

Most types of the device are disposable and therefore single use, while others are designed to be cleaned and reuse

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July 20, 2010

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Kelowna first aid course Kelowna cpr red cross courses call to register child care first aid, emergency first aid, standard first aid or cpr and wcb courses 250.878.6690 http://kelownafirstaid.com/ or http://www.okanaganfirstaid.com/

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First Aid Minor Wounds

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First Aid

One of the first matters to address with minor wounds is cleansing the wound.^[3,8] Cleansing is important for incisions that are caused by sharp objects, such as knives or broken glass. However, it is even more critical in abrasion injuries, in which the skin’s outer layers have been scraped away by abrasion against a rough object, such as when elbows and arms scrape against pavement during a skateboard fall. If the abrasion occurred on a surface that contains loose materials, the wound is likely to be contaminated with gravel, dirt, grass, and other foreign substances. Each foreign object remaining may serve as a source of infection and should be removed.

The wound can be washed with tap water under enough pressure to thoroughly cleanse the wound of foreign materials. Wound Wash Saline is a pressurized sterile 0.9% sodium chloride product that can accomplish this cleansing for minor wounds.

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July 10, 2010

Kelowna First Aid 250.878.6690 First Aid Kelowna

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With good asthma control, your child should not miss school and should be able to participate fully in school activities including sports.

Regular, clear communication with the school can help your child maintain good asthma control. You can help to prevent asthma problems at school by talking to your child’s teachers and by making sure you child has proper asthma treatment.

Meet with your child’s teachers each year before classes start

Give teachers a copy of your child’s asthma action plan and explain what it says.
List and explain your child’s asthma triggers and why it’s important to avoid them. (Some common triggers in the classroom include furry animals, dust, mould and strong smells.)
Show teachers your child’s asthma medicines and how to use them properly – make sure the medicines are well labelled.
Make sure the teachers know which medicine is the rescue medicine that helps in an asthma emergency (usually the blue inhaler).
Ask about the school’s rules about asthma medicines – stress the importance of allowing your child to carry his medicines with him at all times.
Ask about policies for field trips – with a bit of extra planning most trips should be safe.
Offer to arrange an information session with a Certified Asthma Educator or Certified Respiratory Educator.
Make sure your child’s teachers know what to do in an emergency and whom to contact

What to do in an asthma attack

Sit child down, with her back straight.
Give child 2 puffs of her rescue medicine. It’s usually in a blue puffer (for example, Ventolin®).
If the child’s breathing is not getting easier, call 911 or your local emergency number.
Keep giving child puffs of her rescue medicine until the ambulance arrives.
Call the child’s parents or emergency contact person.

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June 27, 2010

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Heat Exhaustion & Heat Stroke

Sweat evaporates from the skin to cool the body. If this personal cooling system does not work right or fails to work, heat exhaustion or a heat stroke can occursHeat exhaustion is a warning that the body is getting too hot. With a heat stroke, body organs start to overheat. They will stop working if they get hot enough. I it is not treated, a heat stroke can result in death.

These signs and symptoms can occur suddenly with little warning: Heat stroke

Very high temperature (104ºF or higher).

Hot, dry, red skin. No sweating.

Deep breathing and fast pulse. Then shallow breathing and weak pulse.

Confusion. Hallucinations.

Convulsions.

Loss of consciousness.

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June 26, 2010

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Sunburn treatment starts with prevention. Correctly using sunscreen will help prevent burns. Make sure you know sunscreen myths versus facts when out in the sun.

Sunburns are caused by UV radiation rather than heat (ie, we get sunburns on cold, snowy days).

Sunburns destroy skin, which controls the amount of heat our bodies retain or release, holds in fluids, and protects us from infection.

Remember always, if you think a burn of any type is significant, do not hesitate to call 911 immediately.

Look for blisters. Blistering means the skin is completely damaged and complications are likely. If the area with blisters is bigger than one entire arm or the whole abdomen, seek medical attention by calling 911 or visiting the emergency department.

Take a cool shower or bath to soothe the pain. No more 1/10 th ebody should be cooled at once.

Apply aloe or another cooling agent with parental consent form. Whatever you use - DO NOT APPLY BUTTER OR OIL TO ANY BURN!

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June 2, 2010

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When A Child Needs Help

When a child is choking, it means that an object — usually food or a toy — is lodged in the trachea (the airway) and is keeping air from flowing normally into or out of the lungs.

The trachea is usually protected by a small flap of cartilage called theepiglottis. The trachea and the esophagus share an opening at the back of the throat, and the epiglottis acts like a lid, snapping shut over the trachea each time a person swallows. It allows food to pass down the esophagus and prevents it from going down the trachea.

But every once in a while, the epiglottis doesn’t close fast enough and an object can slip into the trachea. This is what happens when something goes “down the wrong pipe.”

Most of the time, the food or object only partially blocks the trachea and it’s likely that it will be coughed up and that breathing will be restored easily. A child who seems to be choking and coughing but is still able to breathe and talk probably will recover unassisted. It can be uncomfortable and upsetting, but the child is generally fine after a few seconds.

Sometimes, though, an object can get into the trachea and completely block the airway. If airflow into and out of the lungs is blocked, and the brain is deprived of oxygen, choking can become a life-threatening emergency.

A child may be choking and need help right away if he or she:

is unable to breathe
is gasping or wheezing
is unable to talk, cry, or make noise
turns blue
grabs at his or her throat or waves arms
appears panicked

In those cases, immediately start abdominal thrusts the standard rescue procedure for choking, if you’ve been trained to do it properly.

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May 8, 2010

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How to Treat a Sunburn – Okanagan First Aid Course – Kelowna, Penticton, Vernon, Kamloops, Salmon Arm, Peachland

Sunburn treatment starts with prevention. Correctly using sunscreen will help prevent burns. Make sure you know sunscreen myths versus facts when out in the sun.

Sunburns are caused by UV radiation rather than heat (ie, we get sunburns on cold, snowy days).

Sunburns destroy skin, which controls the amount of heat our bodies retain or release, holds in fluids, and protects us from infection.

Remember always, if you think a burn of any type is significant, do not hesitate to call 911 immediately.

Time Required: Up to several days

Here’s How:

Get out of the sun. Staying in the sun after the burn is present will make it worse.
Look for blisters. Blistering means the skin is completely damaged and complications are likely. If the area with blisters is bigger than one entire arm or the whole abdomen, seek medical attention by calling 911 or visiting the emergency department.
Take a cool shower or bath to soothe the pain.
Apply aloe or another cooling agent. Whatever you use - DO NOT APPLY BUTTER OR OIL TO ANY BURN!
Over the counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for the pain of a sunburn. If stronger pain relief is needed, contact a physician or go to the emergency department.

Tips:

Burns cause swelling. Burns of the face and neck can sometimes swell enough to cause difficulty breathing. If that happens, call 911 immediately.
Burns that completely circle the hands or feet may cause such severe swelling that blood flow is restricted. If swollen or tight hands and feet become numb and tingly, blue, cold, or “fall asleep,” then call 911 immediately.
While the burn is healing, wear loose natural clothing like silks or light cottons. Harsher fabrics will irritate the skin even more.
Too much sun can also cause heat illness. Learn how to recognize and treat heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

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April 11, 2010

Kelowna First Aid Course 250.878.6690 Red Cross CPR Emergency, Child Care, Standard First Aid Courses

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Concussions.

The term concussion conjures up the image of a child knocked unconscious while playing sports. But concussions — temporary loss of brain function — can happen with any head injury, often without any loss of consciousness. And many head injuries occur off the playing field, in car and bicycle accidents, in fights, and even routine calamities and falls.

Kids who sustain concussions usually can recover within a week, without lasting health problems, by following certain precautions and taking a breather from sports.

But a child with an undiagnosed concussion can be at risk for brain damage and even disability.

If your child does sustain a head injury, even without a loss of consciousness, it’s important to watch for symptoms of a concussion, including:

a change in mental state
a bad headache
confusion
repeated vomiting

A child with these symptoms should be taken to the emergency room.

About Concussions

The brain is made of soft tissue and is cushioned by spinal fluid. It is encased in the hard, protective skull. The brain can move around inside the skull and even bang against it. If the brain does bang against the skull — for example, if a child hits his or her head on the sidewalk — the brain can get bruised, blood vessels can be torn, and the nerves inside the brain can be injured. These injuries can lead to a concussion, which is the temporary loss of brain function.

There are three different types, or grades, of concussions. The severity of a concussion determines the length of time needed before a player can safely return to sports activities:

Grade 1 concussions involve no loss of consciousness and cause a temporary change in mental state, like confusion, disorientation, and trouble focusing, which resolves within about 15 minutes.
Grade 2 concussions are similar but the change in mental state lasts longer than 15 minutes.
Grade 3 concussions include a loss of consciousness, regardless of how long they last.

Head injuries that result in concussions can be caused by car, bike, and motorcycle accidents; falls; assaults; and contact sports (football, ice hockey, volleyball, lacrosse, basketball, wrestling, field hockey, rugby, soccer, softball, baseball, etc.).

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March 21, 2010

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About Lead Poisoning

If you have young kids, it’s important to find out whether there’s any risk that they might be exposed to lead, especially if you live in an older home.

Long-term exposure to lead, a naturally occurring metal used in everything from construction materials to batteries, can cause serious health problems, particularly in young kids. Lead is toxic to everyone, but unborn babies and young children are at greatest risk for health problems from lead poisoning — their smaller, growing bodies make them more susceptible to absorbing and retaining lead.

Each year in the United States 310,000 1- to 5-year-old kids are found to have unsafe levels of lead in their blood, which can lead to a wide range of symptoms, from headaches and stomach pain to behavioral problems and anemia (not enough healthy red blood cells). Lead can also affect a child’s developing brain.

The good news is that you can protect your family from lead poisoning. If you have kids between 6 months and 3 years of age, talk to your doctor about potential lead sources in your house or anywhere they spend long periods of time.

And it’s important for kids to get tested for lead exposure at age 1 and again at age 2, as many with lead poisoning don’t show any symptoms.

Why Is Lead Harmful?

When the body is exposed to lead — by being inhaled, swallowed, or in a small number of cases, absorbed through the skin — it can act as a poison. Exposure to high levels of lead in a short period of time is called acute toxicity. Exposure to small amounts of lead over a long period of time is called chronic toxicity.

Lead is particularly dangerous because once it gets into a person’s system, it is distributed throughout the body just like helpful minerals such as iron, calcium, and zinc. And lead can cause harm wherever it lands in the body. In the bloodstream, for example, it can damage red blood cells and limit their ability to carry oxygen to the organs and tissues that need it, thus causing anemia.

Most lead ends up in the bone, where it causes even more problems. Lead can interfere with the production of blood cells and the absorption of calcium that bones need to grow healthy and strong. Calcium is essential for strong bones and teeth, muscle contraction, and nerve and blood vessel function.

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February 27, 2010

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Concussions;

Kids who sustain concussions usually can recover within a week, without lasting health problems, by following certain precautions and taking a breather from sports.

But a child with an undiagnosed concussion can be at risk for brain damage and even disability.

If your child does sustain a head injury, even without a loss of consciousness, it’s important to watch for symptoms of a concussion, including:

a change in mental state
a bad headache
confusion
repeated vomiting

A child with these symptoms should be taken to the emergency room.

About Concussions

There are three different types, or grades, of concussions. The severity of a concussion determines the length of time needed before a player can safely return to sports activities:

Grade 1 concussions involve no loss of consciousness and cause a temporary change in mental state, like confusion, disorientation, and trouble focusing, which resolves within about 15 minutes.
Grade 2 concussions are similar but the change in mental state lasts longer than 15 minutes.
Grade 3 concussions include a loss of consciousness, regardless of how long they last.

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